Citing sources is an essential aspect of academic writing, as it allows authors to credit the original creators of ideas, research, and quotes, while also providing readers with a roadmap to explore the topic further. One of the most widely used citation styles is the Turabian style, which is based on the Chicago Manual of Style. In this article, we will provide a quick guide on how to cite sources in Turabian style, covering the basics of citation, formatting, and examples.
Understanding Turabian Style
The Turabian style is a variation of the Chicago Manual of Style, developed by Kate Turabian in 1941. It is widely used in various fields, including history, philosophy, and social sciences. The style is known for its use of footnotes or endnotes, along with a bibliography, to cite sources.
Basic Citation Elements
In Turabian style, citations typically include the following elements:
- Author’s name
- Title of the source
- Publication date
- Publication place
- Publisher
- Page numbers (for articles and book sections)
Citing Sources in Turabian Style
There are two main types of citations in Turabian style: footnotes/endnotes and bibliography citations.
Footnotes/Endnotes
Footnotes or endnotes are used to cite sources in the text. They are numbered consecutively throughout the paper, with the first citation being numbered 1. The footnote or endnote includes the author’s name, title of the source, publication date, publication place, publisher, and page numbers (if applicable).
| Citation Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Book | 1. John Smith, The History of Science (New York: Random House, 2010), 23. |
| Article | 2. Jane Doe, "The Impact of Climate Change," Journal of Environmental Studies 10, no. 2 (2015): 12-20, accessed March 10, 2020. |
Bibliography Citations
A bibliography is a list of all sources cited in the paper, arranged alphabetically by author’s last name. Each entry includes the author’s name, title of the source, publication date, publication place, and publisher.
| Citation Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Book | Smith, John. The History of Science. New York: Random House, 2010. |
| Article | Doe, Jane. "The Impact of Climate Change." Journal of Environmental Studies 10, no. 2 (2015): 12-20. |
Key Points
- Turabian style is based on the Chicago Manual of Style and is widely used in various fields.
- Citations in Turabian style typically include author's name, title of the source, publication date, publication place, publisher, and page numbers.
- Footnotes or endnotes are used to cite sources in the text, along with a bibliography.
- Bibliography entries are arranged alphabetically by author's last name.
- It is essential to use abbreviations for commonly cited sources, such as "ibid."
Formatting and Examples
Turabian style has specific formatting guidelines for citations, footnotes, and bibliography. Here are some examples:
Book Citations
Book citations include the author’s name, title of the book, publication date, publication place, and publisher.
| Citation Type | Example |
|---|---|
| One Author | Smith, John. The History of Science. New York: Random House, 2010. |
| Two Authors | Smith, John, and Jane Doe. The Science of Climate Change. New York: Random House, 2015. |
| Three or More Authors | Smith, John, Jane Doe, and Bob Johnson. The Impact of Environmental Studies. New York: Random House, 2020. |
Article Citations
Article citations include the author’s name, title of the article, title of the journal, volume number, issue number, publication date, and page numbers.
| Citation Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Journal Article | Doe, Jane. "The Impact of Climate Change." Journal of Environmental Studies 10, no. 2 (2015): 12-20. |
| Newspaper Article | Smith, John. "The Future of Science." The New York Times, March 10, 2020. |
Conclusion
Citing sources in Turabian style is a crucial aspect of academic writing. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, authors can ensure that their citations are accurate and consistent, allowing readers to easily locate and explore the sources used in the research.
What is the Turabian style?
+The Turabian style is a variation of the Chicago Manual of Style, developed by Kate Turabian in 1941. It is widely used in various fields, including history, philosophy, and social sciences.
What are the basic elements of a Turabian citation?
+In Turabian style, citations typically include the author’s name, title of the source, publication date, publication place, publisher, and page numbers (if applicable).
How do I cite a book in Turabian style?
+Book citations include the author’s name, title of the book, publication date, publication place, and publisher. For example: Smith, John. The History of Science. New York: Random House, 2010.
