Augmented 6th chords have long fascinated musicians and composers with their unique, tense sound. These chords, often shrouded in mystery, can add depth and complexity to any musical piece. As a musician and composer with extensive experience in music theory and performance, I will explore five effective ways to utilize augmented 6th chords in your music, providing practical applications and theoretical insights.
The augmented 6th chord, typically denoted as +6 or aug6, is a chord that consists of a root, a major third, an augmented fifth, and an augmented sixth. This chord's dissonant, unstable quality makes it an excellent tool for adding tension and release to musical compositions. Understanding the function and potential of augmented 6th chords can significantly enhance your musical palette.
Understanding Augmented 6th Chords
Before diving into the practical applications, it's essential to grasp the basics of augmented 6th chords. These chords can be categorized into several types, including the Italian sixth, French sixth, and German sixth. Each type has its unique characteristics and functions within a musical context.
| Type of Augmented 6th Chord | Formula |
|---|---|
| Italian Sixth | 1 - M3 - #5 - #6 |
| French Sixth | 1 - M3 - #5 - #6 - M2 |
| German Sixth | 1 - b3 - #5 - #6 |
5 Ways to Use Augmented 6th Chords Effectively
1. Creating Tension and Release
One of the most common uses of augmented 6th chords is to create tension that leads to resolution. By placing an augmented 6th chord in a strategic position within a progression, you can build anticipation and release it when the chord resolves to a more stable one. For instance, using an Italian sixth chord to precede a dominant chord can create a sense of forward motion.
Consider the following example in the key of C major:
C - G7 - Am - Italian sixth (E, G#, B, A#) - Fmaj7
In this progression, the Italian sixth chord creates tension that resolves beautifully into the F major 7th chord, providing a satisfying conclusion.
2. Adding Color to Chord Progressions
Augmented 6th chords can add a rich, vibrant color to your chord progressions. By incorporating these chords into your harmonic vocabulary, you can create more interesting and dynamic music. For example, substituting a German sixth chord for a tonic chord can add an unexpected twist to a progression.
Consider the following progression in the key of E major:
Em - G#m - German sixth (E, G, B#, C##) - B7
The German sixth chord adds a layer of complexity and intrigue, making the progression more engaging for the listener.
3. Enhancing Melodic Lines
Augmented 6th chords can also be used to enhance melodic lines by providing a harmonic underpinning that complements and elevates the melody. By choosing the right type of augmented 6th chord, you can create a more cohesive and expressive melody.
For instance, a French sixth chord can add a soaring quality to a melodic line:
Melody: C - E - G# - A#
French sixth chord: C - E - G# - A# - D
The addition of the French sixth chord enriches the melody, creating a more dramatic and engaging musical statement.
4. Modulating to New Keys
Augmented 6th chords are particularly useful for modulating to new keys. Their dissonant quality allows them to function as pivot chords, smoothly transitioning from one key to another. For example, a German sixth chord can be used to modulate from the key of C major to the key of G major.
Consider the following modulation:
C - G7 - German sixth (D, F, A, B) - G
The German sixth chord acts as a pivot, creating a seamless transition between the two keys.
5. Creating Dramatic Contrast
Finally, augmented 6th chords can be used to create dramatic contrast within a musical piece. By juxtaposing an augmented 6th chord with more stable chords, you can create moments of surprise and excitement.
For example, in a piece that primarily uses minor chords, the sudden introduction of an augmented 6th chord can add a burst of energy and tension:
Am - Em - Italian sixth (C, E, G#, A#) - Fmaj7
The contrast between the dark, minor chords and the bright, tense augmented 6th chord creates a compelling musical narrative.
Key Points
- Augmented 6th chords can create tension and release when used strategically in chord progressions.
- These chords add color and complexity to harmonic vocabulary.
- Augmented 6th chords can enhance melodic lines by providing a rich harmonic underpinning.
- They are useful for modulating to new keys due to their dissonant, pivot-like quality.
- Augmented 6th chords can create dramatic contrast when juxtaposed with more stable chords.
What is the primary function of an augmented 6th chord in music?
+The primary function of an augmented 6th chord is to create tension that typically leads to resolution. These chords are often used to add dissonance and instability to a musical progression, which can then be resolved to create a sense of finality or continuation.
Can augmented 6th chords be used in any musical key?
+Yes, augmented 6th chords can be used in any musical key. However, the specific type of augmented 6th chord (Italian, French, or German) and its function within the progression will depend on the key and the desired harmonic effect.
How do I choose the right type of augmented 6th chord for my music?
+Choosing the right type of augmented 6th chord depends on the harmonic context and the desired emotional or dramatic effect. For example, an Italian sixth chord is often used for its bright, tense sound, while a German sixth chord can add a darker, more complex quality.
In conclusion, augmented 6th chords are versatile and powerful tools in music composition. By understanding their theoretical underpinnings and exploring their practical applications, musicians and composers can add depth, tension, and release to their music. Whether used to create dramatic contrast, modulate to new keys, or simply add color to chord progressions, augmented 6th chords offer a wealth of creative possibilities.
